Specification:Surface preparation and repainting of wood surfaces

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=GENERAL=

DESCRIPTION
 This specification provides guidance for surface preparation and repainting of wood. This specification has been developed for use on historic properties (defined as any district, site, building, structure, or object that is listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places) and provides an overview of accepted practices. The Architect will provide site-specific specifications, when appropriate. All work described herein and related work must conform to the Secretary of Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties. The Contractor shall provide all labor, materials, equipment, and operations required to complete the rehabilitation work indicated herein. All work described herein and related work must have the approval of a Cultural Resources Manager, Conservator, Historic Architect, or other professional who meets the standards outlined in the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards – Professional Qualifications Standards pursuant to 36 CFR 61. Such person is referred to in this document as the Architect. 

SECTION INCLUDES
 Preparation of Wood Surfaces for Painting Application of Paints to Wood Surfaces</li> </ol>

RELATED SECTIONS
<ol type="A"> 06200.02 – Wood Properties and Appropriate Lumber</li> 06300.01 – Cleaning and Testing of Atmospheric Soiling, Biogrowth and Mold</li> 07900.01 – Joint Sealer Properties and Application</li> 09910.04 – Cleaning and Testing of Atmospheric Soiling on Painted Surfaces</li> </ol>

SUBMITTALS
<ol type="A"> Submit a detailed schedule to architect for approval of work under this section, including an assessment of the problem areas and a historic paint analysis.</li> Testing: Provide paint analysis to determine appropriate paint colors for the restoration period and paint composition, as appropriate. Paint color shall be matched to a manufacturer’s standard color if available or provided in the form of a notation in a standardized color system such as CIE L*a*b* that can be duplicated by a paint manufacturer. Munsell notations are not acceptable. This work must be performed by a qualified architectural conservator specializing in analysis of historic paints and finishes.</li> Product Literature: Submit manufacturer’s product literature to architect for all manufactured products specified for paint work. Product literature shall include specification data, Material Safety Data Sheets and instructions for storage, handling and use.</li> Samples: The Contractor shall submit samples of the following paint materials for approval of color match and texture match. No work shall proceed until all samples are approved.  Color samples: Prepare at least three portable samples approximately 6x6 inches of each standard and custom color as identified by the historic paint analysis. Once a matching paint color is achieved, placement of on-site mock-ups may begin.</li> Drawdown samples: Once a paint supplier has been determined for the project, provide drawdown samples (6x6 inches minimum) of the actual paint to be used on the project for comparison with previously approved samples. Provide one drawdown sample for each color/gloss to be used on the project.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>

QUALITY ASSURANCE
<ol type="A"> Work Experience: The Contractor to perform the work in this section shall have demonstrated experience approved by the Architect, ideally a minimum of seven years experience working on projects relating to the analysis, preparation and application of historic paint finishes and shall have successfully completed at least three projects of similar scope within the previous five years. He/She shall demonstrate a working knowledge of The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring & Reconstructing Historic Buildings.</li> The Contractor shall not change source or manufacturer of paint materials during the course of the work.</li> Warranty: Installer shall provide a warranty, in writing, against defects in material and installation for a period of five years after substantial completion of the work to make immediate repairs as required to correct defects in the work regardless of the nature of the defect, except repairs required due to abuse, alterations or failure of the substrate.</li> </ol>

MOCK-UPS
<ol type="A"> After selection of a paint color from the portable samples, the Contractor shall prepare one mock-up installation for each color to be installed at locations selected by the Architect. If cleaning tests are also to take place, test panels should in the same area. Test panels should not be undertaken in areas that are not highly visible. Each test panel shall be executed in the same manner as the final installation. Test panels shall be a minimum area 3x3 ft. Test panels will be inspected for color and application technique.</li> The Contractor shall prepare up to three additional mock-ups of each paint color at no additional cost without further compensation. Approved test area(s) shall become part of the work and shall serve as the quality standard for all subsequent work.</li> <li>Mock-ups shall display the full range of materials and workmanship required for completion of the project for approval by the Architect.</li> </ol>

DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
<ol type="A"> <li>Deliver all products to the site in original packaging, unopened, and undamaged, with manufacturer name and product identification visible thereon, manufacturer’s instructions and Material Safety Data Sheets.</li> <li>Store products in a dry location and protected from dampness and freezing following manufacturer instructions.</li> </ol>

PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS
<ol type="A"> <li>Normal conditions for the work of this Section shall be defined as when the air and surface temperatures are 50 degrees F and rising or less than 90 degrees F and falling. Refer to manufacturer application specifications for further guidance.</li> <li>Do not apply paint when the relative humidity exceeds 85 percent. Drying times are also affected by relative humidity. Those stated by manufactures are generally based on 50 percent RH and at approximately 77 degrees F. Refer to manufacturers application specifications for further guidance.</li> <li>Work shall not commence when rain, snow or below-freezing temperatures are expected within 24 hours. All surfaces shall be free of standing water, frost, and ice.</li> <li>Do not apply paint in the direct sun. Paint shall be applied only when the surface to be painted is in the shade and the sun is shining on the opposite elevation.</li> <li>The contractor is responsible for protecting existing adjacent materials and surfaces, and substrate during the execution of the work. Provide all necessary protection and work procedures to avoid damage to existing material assemblies not a part of the work in the Section.</li> <li>Provide visible barriers and / or warning tape around the perimeter of the work area for visitor protection. Protect nearby vehicles and adjacent structures from damage during the course of the work.</li> <li>Contractor shall coordinate paint work with the other trades involved in exterior and interior restoration work including, but not limited to, wood restoration and sealants. Complete repair or replacement of deteriorated wood prior to painting.</li> <li>Lead Based Paint: <ol> <li>Many of the areas to be prepared for repainting retain coatings from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.</li> <li>The Contractor should therefore assume that all existing painted surfaces contain lead unless tested to show otherwise, and shall take all necessary actions and precautions to assure safety of the public, property,the environment, and the workers in scraping, sanding, removing and disposing of any existing paint.</li> <li>This includes compliance with all applicable regulations including, but not limited to, the following: <li>State Department of Environmental Resources;</li> <li>State Department of Labor;</li> <li>State Department of Health;</li> <li>Federal OSHA;</li> <li>Federal Environmental Protection Agency.</li> <li>Comply with requirements of governmental agencies having jurisdiction over this work, including compliance with volatile organic compounds/ volatile organic solvent regulations and abrasive surface preparation.</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> </ol>

=PRODUCTS=

PAINT MATERIALS
<ol type="A"> <li>Acrylic Latex Paint: Provide best quality grade of various types of coatings as regularly manufactured by acceptable manufacturers.</li> <li>Oil/alkyd based paints: Provide best quality grade of various types of coatings as regularly manufactured by acceptable manufacturers.</li> <li>Casein Paint (milk-based paint): Factory-mixed with non-fading pigments. Provide best quality grade of various types of coatings as regularly manufactured by acceptable manufacturers.</li> </ol>

ACCESSORY MATERIALS
<ol type="A"> <li>Mineral Spirits, as recommended by paint manufacturer. <ol> <li>A petroleum distillate that is used especially as a paint or varnish thinner.</li> <li>Other chemical or common names include: Benzine (not Benzene); Naphtha; Petroleum spirits, Solvent naphtha.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Linseed Oil, raw or boiled, or other oils can be added to Casein paint.</li> <li>Joint Sealers: As specified in Section 07900.</li> <li>Fillers: Provide best quality filler material compatible with substrate being filled.</li> <li>Spackling compound shall be grit free when dry, non-shrinking and easily sanded to take any finish.</li> <li>Shellac for knot sealer shall be pure white cut with denatured alcohol.</li> </ol>

EQUIPMENT
<ol type="A"> <li>Follow manufacturer's recommendation as to proper tools for use in the application of coatings. This includes the selection of various types of brushes, rollers and spray applicators. </li> </ol>

=EXECUTION=

GENERAL
<ol type="A"> <li>All wood repair and replacement work shall be completed prior to painting.</li> <li>Remove all hardware, hardware accessories, light fixtures and other appurtenances except where removal will cause harm to historic items. Document, catalog and store removed items so that they can be reinstalled in original position at the completion of work.</li> <li>The Contractor shall protect adjacent materials, and openings and assemblies from paint spatters and overspray.</li> <li>Do not paint over dirt, rust, scale, grease, moisture, or conditions otherwise detrimental to formation of a curable paint film.</li> </ol>

PREPARATION
<ol type="A"> <li>Perform preparation and cleaning procedures in accordance with coating manufacturer’s instructions and as herein specified, for each substrate condition and paint type. Prior to full scale cleaning, use test panels to determine the effectiveness of cleaning methods is recommended.</li> <li>Clean surfaces to be painted before applying paint or surface treatments. For guidance on cleaning exterior wood see 06300.01–Cleaning and Testing Atmospheric Soiling, Biogrowth, and Mold and 09910.04 – Cleaning and Testing Atmospheric Soiling on Painted Surfaces. <ol> <li>Do not use bleach by large scale spray application since bleach can cause significant damage to historic materials and surrounding landscape plantings. Surfaces shall be free of loose or peeling paint, or other foreign substances. Proper methods should be applied to capture lead paint chips during removal. Wash surfaces to be painted with mild detergents. Remove all dirt and other foreign matter prior to paint application using the gentlest method possible to achieve positive results. Do not use metal bristled brushes or high pressure water.</li> <li>Remove Chalking Paint: Wash surfaces with solution of water and trisodium phosphate.</li> <li>Mold and mildew can be effectively removed by washing with a solution of water and trisodium phosphate</li> </ol> </li> <li>Wood, General: <ol> <li>Scrape and clean knots and apply a thin coat of white shellac before initial application of priming coat. Lightly sand surfaces and tack rag before finishing.</li> <li>For painted surfaces, fill holes and imperfections in finish surfaces with putty wood-filler after priming. Follow manufacturer specifications as to specific applications of filler. Sandpaper smooth and profile as required when dried.</li> <li>Each coat shall be checked and any imperfections, faulty material, poor workmanship, etc. shall be corrected before applying succeeding coat.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>

PREPARATION OF PAINT
Mix and prepare painting materials in accordance with manufacturer directions. <ol type="A"> <li>Store materials not currently in use in tightly covered containers.</li> <li>Mixing of paint shall be in clean containers, free of foreign materials and residue.</li> </ol>

APPLICATION OF PAINT
<ol type="A"> <li>General: <ol> <li>Minimum Coating Thickness: Apply materials at not less than manufacturer’s recommended spreading rate, to establish a total dry film thickness as recommended by coating manufacturer.</li> <li>Apply paint in accordance with manufacturer’s directions and under adequate illumination. Use techniques best suited for each substrate condition and type of material being applied.</li> <li>For exterior surfaces, apply paint using brush, roller, or other method specified by the manufacturer and acceptable to the Architect. Use brushes best suited for the type of material being applied. Use rollers as recommended by paint manufacturer for material and texture required.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Workmanship: Finished surface, regardless of method of paint application, shall show no evidence of improper application according to accepted trade practice.</li> <li>Scheduling Painting: Apply first coat as soon as practicable after preparation and before subsequent surface deterioration. Allow sufficient time between successive coatings to permit proper drying or curing as specified by the manufacturer.</li> <li>Prime Coats: Apply prime coat to all surfaces to be painted per manufacturer’s specifications and acceptable to the Architect. <ol> <li>The use of various types of primers is specific to the needs of the particular coating application being used. Follow manufacturer’s guidelines for application that are acceptable to the Architect.</li> <li>Primer, primer-sealer, and knot sealer must be thoroughly dried before application of the next coat.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Finish coats: <ol> <li>Apply at least two coats of paint or as indicated in the finish schedule to insure complete coverage.</li> <li>Do not apply additional coats of paint until the film to be re-coated is sufficiently cured to receive the next coat.</li> <li>Completely cover to provide an opaque, smooth surface of uniform finish, color, appearance, and coverage.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Clean-Up: <ol> <li>Upon completion of paint work, clean window glass and other paint-splattered surfaces. Remove spattered paint by proper methods of washing and scraping, using care not to scratch or to otherwise damage finished surfaces.</li> <li>At completion of work, including work of other trades, touch-up and restore all damaged or defaced painted surfaces.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>

FINAL REPORT
<ol type="A"> <li>Provide a final report of complete work including all approved submittals and photographs of the repaired areas taken before, during and after the work.</li> </ol>