Titanium

Titanium is silvery gray and light metal. Melting point 1800 C. Specific gravity 4,5. The two most useful properties of the metal form are corrosion resistance and the highest strength-to-weight ratio of any metal. In its unalloyed condition, titanium is as strong as some steels, but 45% lighter. There are two allotropic forms and five naturally occurring isotopes of this element, 46Ti through 50Ti, with 48Ti being the most abundant (73.8%).Typical Cultural heritage objects made of  titanium are  jewelry ,watches and architecture.

History
Titanium was discovered included in a mineral in Cornwall, United Kingdom, in 1791 by amateur geologist and pastor William Gregor, then vicar of Creed parish. He recognized the presence of a new element in ilmenite when he found black sand by a stream in the nearby parish of Manaccan and noticed the sand was attracted by a magnet. Analysis of the sand determined the presence of two metal oxides; iron oxide (explaining the attraction to the magnet) and 45.25% of a white metallic oxide he could not identify. Gregor, realizing that the unidentified oxide contained a metal that did not match the properties of any known element, reported his findings to the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall and in the German science journal Crell's Annalen.

Around the same time, Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein produced a similar substance, but could not identify it. The oxide was independently rediscovered in 1795 by German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth in rutile from Hungary. Klaproth found that it contained a new element and named it for the Titans of Greek mythology.After hearing about Gregor's earlier discovery, he obtained a sample of manaccanite and confirmed it contained titanium.

Starting in the early 1950s, titanium began to be used extensively for military aviation purposes, particularly in high-performance jets, starting with aircraft such as the F 100 Super Sabre and Lockheed A-12. Jewelry use - after 1970.

Most important example of  architectural use is Guggenheim museum in  Bilbao.

Soapwort extract

 * 100 gms soapwort root
 * 1 lit water
 * Mix boiling water and root,after 10  minutes of soaking it is ready to use. Fresh  solution is pH neutral,few days old slightly acid(pH 5).

Alkaline cleaner

 * 100-150 gms sodium hydroxide
 * up to 1 % sodium chlorate can be  added too
 * 1 lit water
 * Immerse object in  hot solution(up to 90 C),duration up to 5 minutes.Rinse well.Very alkaline solution! Use rubber gloves and safety goggles!

Citric acid

 * 100 - 250 gms citric acid
 * 1 lit water
 * Immerse objects in  hot solution (up to 90 C),after cleaning  rinse well.

Other cleaning methods

 * Electrochemical cleaning
 * Ultrasonic cleaning
 * Laser ablation

Structural consolidation

 * Mechanical joining
 * Welding
 * Gluing/cementing

Stabilization

 * Corrosion inhibitors
 * Conversion coatings
 * Oxygen free storage

Clearcoats

 * Paraloid B 72
 * Paraloid B 67
 * Paraloid B 44
 * Paraloid B 48 N
 * ORMOCER

Waxes

 * Renaissance Wax
 * Cosmolloid 80 H
 * Dinitrol 4010

Combinations
Basecoat Paraloid B 72 + topcoat Renaissance Wax etc.{{verification