Specification:Preparation of historic wood and metal surfaces for painting

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=GENERAL=

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The procedures proposed for the accomplishment of the work shall provide for safe conduct of the work, careful removal and disposition of materials specified to be salvaged, protection of property which is to remain undisturbed, and coordination with other work in progress. Submit the names, quantity represented, and intended use for proprietary brands of materials proposed to be substituted for the specified materials when the required quantity of a particular batch is 200 liters 50 gallons or less. Submit manufacturer's current printed product description, material safety data sheets (MSDS) and technical data sheets for each product. Detailed mixing, thinning and application instructions, minimum and maximum application temperature, and curing and drying times shall be provided for each product submitted. Include in the work plan a Safety and Health plan describing procedures for handling monitoring, and disposition of VOCs and other hazardous and toxic materials. Submit [one copy] [[_____] copies] of the Work Plan and a certificate stating that products proposed for use meet the VOC regulations of the local Air Pollution Control Districts having jurisdiction over the geographical area in which the project is located. The procedures shall include a detailed description of the methods and equipment to be used for each operation, and the sequence of operations. Test the materials designated by the Contracting Officer.

SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.] [information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00

SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
 * SD-03 Product Data
 * Work Plan[; G][; G, [_____]]
 * Materials
 * Qualifications
 * SD-07 Certificates
 * Work Plan

QUALITY ASSURANCE
Work shall comply with the ACCIDENT PREVENTION PLAN, including the Activity Hazard Analysis as specified in the CONTRACT CLAUSES. The Activity Hazard Analysis shall include analyses of the potential impact of surface preparation operations on personnel and on others involved in and adjacent to the work zone.

Worker Exposures
Exposure of workers to chemical substances shall not exceed limits as established by ACGIH 0100.

Training
Inform workers, having access to an affected work area, of the contents of the applicable material data safety sheets (MSDS) and of potential health and safety hazard and protective controls associated with materials used on the project. An affected work area is one which may receive dust, mists, and odors from the surface preparation operations. Workers involved in surface preparation and clean-up shall be trained in the safe handling and application, and the exposure limit, for each material which the worker will use in the project. Instruct personnel having a need to use respirators and masks in the use and maintenance of such equipment.

Coordination
Coordinate work to minimize exposure of building occupants, other Contractor personnel, and visitors to mists and odors from surface preparation and cleaning operations.

Qualifications
Provide qualified workers trained and experienced in the preparation for painting of wood and metal surfaces in historic structures, submit documentation of 5 consecutive years of work of this type and a statement certified by the Contractor attesting that the experience and qualifications of the workers (journeymen) comply with the specifications.. Provide a list of similar jobs identifying when, where, and for whom the work was done and a current point-of-contact for identified references.

DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
Deliver paint removers, solvents, and other chemicals, used for surface preparation, in sealed containers that legibly show the designated name, formula or specification number, quantity, date of manufacture, manufacturer's formulation number, manufacturer's directions including any warnings and special precautions, and name of manufacturer. Furnish such materials in containers not larger than 20 L 5 gallons; store them in accordance with the manufacturer's written directions; and, as a minimum, store them off the ground, under cover, with sufficient ventilation to prevent the buildup of flammable vapors and at temperatures between 4 and 35 degrees C 40 and 95 degrees F.

ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
Unless otherwise recommended by the product manufacturer, the ambient temperature shall be between 7 and 35 degrees C 45 and 95 degrees F when applying paint removers, solvents, or other preparation materials.

=PRODUCTS=

PAINT REMOVERS
Chemical paint removers shall be a commercial item specifically manufactured for the type of paint to be removed.

Liquid Consolidant
Provide liquid wood consolidant consisting of a 2-part, low-viscosity liquid epoxy that meets the criteria of Table 1.

Epoxy Paste
Provide epoxy paste consisting of a 2-part, thixotropic paste that meets the criteria of Table 1:

=EXECUTION=

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Use methods for preparation of historic wood and metal surfaces for painting which are the gentlest possible to achieve the desired results. Historic substrate materials shall not be damaged or marred in the process of surface preparations. Collect and analyze samples of the existing paint finishes for the purpose of documentation or matching, if [so directed by the Contracting Officer] [required by the contract documents]. Material and application requirements for paints are covered in Section 09 90 00 PAINTS AND COATINGS.

VENTILATION
Ventilate interior work zones, having a volume of 280 cubic meters 10,000 cubic feet or less, at a minimum of 2 air exchanges per hour. Maintain ventilation in larger work zones by means of mechanical exhaust. Solvent vapors shall be exhausted outdoors, away from air intakes and workers. Temporarily seal return air inlets in the work zone before start of work until the prepared surfaces have dried. Operators and personnel in the vicinity of paint removal processes involving chemicals or mechanical action (sanding or blasting) shall wear respirators.

PROTECTION OF AREAS NOT TO BE PAINTED
Remove or protect items not to be painted, which are in contact with or adjacent to painted surfaces, prior to surface preparation and painting operations. Replace items removed prior to painting when painting is completed. Following completion of painting, workers skilled in the trades involved shall reinstall removed items. Surfaces contaminated by preparation materials shall be restored to original condition.

CLEANING OF SURFACES
Surfaces to be painted shall be clean and free of grease, dirt, dust and other foreign matter before application of paint or surface treatments. After cleaning, surfaces shall exhibit a surface disfigurement rating of 7 or greater when evaluated in accordance with ASTM D3274. Dirt and surface contaminants shall be cleaned by brush with solutions of water and detergent or trisodium phosphate, then rinsed clean with water and let dry. Surfaces on which mildew or other microbiological growth is present shall be cleaned with a detergent solution containing household bleach. Oil and grease shall be removed with clean cloths and cleaning solvents prior to mechanical cleaning. Cleaning solvents shall be of low toxicity with a flashpoint in excess of 38 degrees C 100 degrees F. Cleaning shall be programmed so that dust and other contaminants will not fall on newly prepared or newly painted surfaces.

EXISTING PAINT
Existing paint shall be tested for adhesion to substrate in accordance with ASTM D3359, Test Method A and shall obtain a rating of 4 or better in order to be considered sound. Existing paint meeting this requirement may be considered a satisfactory base for repainting.

PAINT REMOVAL
Remove flaking, cracking, blistering, peeling or otherwise deteriorated paint by scraping with hand scrapers. After scraping, removal of large areas of paint or paint on architectural details shall be accomplished using sanders, heat guns or heat plates, or chemical paint removers. Paint shall be removed to bare substrate or first sound paint layer. Open flame heat devices shall not be used. Mechanical paint removal shall not damage or mar the substrate material.

Chemical Paint Removers
Use chemical paint removers in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. If chemical strippers are used, substrate shall be neutralized after stripping to a pH of 5 to 8.5.

Lead Paint
In preparation of lead-based painted surfaces for repainting, follow the procedures described in Section 02 83 19.00 10 LEAD BASED PAINT HAZARD ABATEMENT, TARGET HOUSING & CHILD OCCUPIED FACILITIES.

SURFACE PREPARATION
After cleaning and removal of deteriorated paint, edges of remaining chipped paint shall be feather-edged and sanded smooth. Repair damaged areas such as, but not limited to, nail holes, cracks, chips, and spalls with suitable material to match adjacent undamaged areas. Slick surfaces shall be roughened. Clean rusty metal surfaces in accordance with [SSPC SP 1] [SSPC SP 2] [SSPC SP 3] [SSPC SP 5/NACE No. 1] [SSPC SP 6/NACE No.3] [SSPC 7/NACE No.4] [SSPC SP 10/NACE No. 2]. Remove chalk so that when tested in accordance with ASTM D4214, the chalk resistance rating is no less than 8. New, proposed coatings shall be compatible with existing coatings. If existing surfaces are glossy, the gloss shall be reduced.

WOOD SURFACES
Wood surfaces shall be cleaned of foreign matter. Wood surfaces adjacent to surfaces to receive water-thinned paints shall be primed and/or touched up before applying water-thinned paints. Small, dry seasoned knots shall be scraped, cleaned, and given a thin coat of commercial knot sealer before application of the priming coat. Pitch on large, open, unseasoned knots and all other beads or streaks of pitch shall be scraped off, or, if it is still soft, removed with mineral spirits or turpentine, and the resinous area shall be thinly coated with knot sealer.

Interior Wood Surfaces
Interior wood surfaces to receive stain shall be sanded. Oak and other open-grain wood to receive stain shall be given a coat of wood filler recommended by the finish manufacturer not less than 8 hours before the application of stain; excess filler shall be removed and the surface sanded smooth. Sanding of wood floors is specified in Section 09 64 29 WOOD STRIP FLOORING. Moisture content of the wood shall not exceed 12 percent as measured by a moisture meter, unless otherwise authorized.

Wood Repair
Remove and repair badly decayed areas. Replace areas and pieces decayed beyond repair with new pieces that match originals in all respects. Moderately decayed areas, weathered, or gouged wood shall be patched with approved patching compounds, and shall be sanded smooth. The source or cause of wood decay shall be identified and corrected prior to application of patching materials. Wet wood shall be completely dried to a moisture content not exceeding 12 percent, as measured by a moisture meter, to its full depth before patching, unless otherwise authorized. Wood that is to be patched shall be clean of dust, grease, and loose paint.

Epoxy Wood Repair
Epoxy wood repair materials shall be applied in accordance with manufacturer's written instructions. Health and safety instructions shall be followed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Clean mixing equipment shall be used to avoid contamination. Mix and proportions shall be as directed by the manufacturer. Batches shall be only large enough to complete the specific job intended. Patching materials shall be completely cured before painting or reinstallation of patched pieces.

Epoxy Consolidant and Epoxy Paste
Epoxy liquid wood consolidant shall be used: 1) to penetrate and impregnate deteriorated wood sections in order to reinforce wood fibers that have become softened or absorbent. 2) as a primer for areas that are to receive epoxy paste filler. Epoxy paste shall be used to fill areas where portions of wood are missing such as holes, cracks, gaps, gouges, and other voids.

Exposed Ferrous Metals
Exposed ferrous metals such as nail heads on or in contact with wood surfaces to be painted with water-thinned paints, shall be spot-primed with a suitable corrosion-inhibitive primer capable of preventing flash rusting and compatible with the coating specified for the adjacent areas.

Finishing Nails
Finishing nails shall be set, and all holes and surface imperfections shall be primed. After priming, holes and imperfections in finish surfaces shall be filled with putty or plastic wood filler, colored to match the finish coat if natural finish is required, allowed to dry, and sanded smooth. Putty or wood filler shall be compatible with subsequent coatings.

Wood Preservative
Areas of bare wood in exterior locations prone to excessive moisture or standing water shall be treated with a commercial, fungicide, paintable water repellant/preservative. Water repellant/preservatives shall not be used on interior surfaces.

METAL SURFACES
Metal surfaces shall be cleaned of foreign matter. Programs for preparation of metal shall be in accordance with SSPC PA Guide 5. Grease, oil, and other soluble contaminants shall be removed by solvent cleaning in accordance with SSPC SP 1. Surfaces shall be free from soils and corrosion; e.g. grease, oil, solder flux, welding flux, weld spatter, sand, rust, scale, and other contaminants that might interfere with the application of the new finish. Cleaning methods shall be the gentlest possible to achieve the desired result. Metals which are soft, thin, or exhibit fine detail shall not be abrasively cleaned. Evidence of corrosion or contamination on a previously cleaned surface shall be cause for recleaning prior to painting.

Ferrous Surfaces
Ferrous surfaces that contain loose rust, loose mill scale, and other foreign substances shall be cleaned mechanically with hand tools according to SSPC SP 2, power tools according to SSPC SP 3 or by blast cleaning according to [SSPC SP 5/NACE No. 1], [SSPC SP 6/NACE No.3], [SSPC 7/NACE No.4], [SSPC SP 10/NACE No. 2]. Shop-coated ferrous surfaces shall be protected from corrosion by treating and touching up corroded areas immediately upon detection.

Nonferrous Metallic Surfaces
Galvanized, aluminum and aluminum-alloy, lead, copper, and other nonferrous metal surfaces shall be solvent-cleaned in accordance with SSPC SP 1.

Aluminum
Aluminum surfaces shall be treated in accordance with ASTM D173/D173M or ASTM D173/D173M. Steel wool, steel brushes and uninhibited caustic etching solutions, such as sodium hydroxide, shall not be used on aluminum.

Zinc
Zinc surfaces including zinc-coated substrates, shall be cleaned prior to painting as follows: degrease, soak in a mild and inhibited alkaline cleaner, rinse with clean overflowing water, clean anodically in an acid (e.g. 0.25 to 0.75 percent sulfuric acid), and rinse with clean overflowing water.

TIMING
Surfaces that have been cleaned, pretreated, and otherwise prepared for painting shall be given a coat of the specified first coat as soon as practical after such pretreatment has been completed, but prior to any deterioration of the prepared surface. Unless otherwise directed, the first coat primer shall be applied within 48 hours of surface preparation.

SURFACES TO BE PREPARED FOR PAINTING
Surfaces shall be prepared as specified and as shown in the painting schedule [in Section 09 90 00 PAINTS AND COATINGS] [on the drawings].

CLEANING
Place cloths, cotton waste and other debris, that might constitute a fire hazard, in closed metal containers for removal at the end of each day. Containers shall be removed from the site or destroyed in an approved manner. Preparation materials and other deposits on adjacent surfaces shall be removed and the entire job left clean and ready for painting.