Specification:Removing beverage stains from concrete

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=GENERAL=

SUMMARY
 This procedure includes guidance on removing beverage stains (such as tea, coffee, soft drinks, beer, wine and liquor) from concrete by scrubbing or by using chemical solvents in the form of a poultice. Safety Precautions:  DO NOT save unused portions of stain-removal materials. DO NOT store any chemicals in unmarked containers. EXCELLENT VENTILATION MUST BE PROVIDED WHEREVER ANY SOLVENT IS USED. USE RESPIRATORS WITH SOLVENT FILTERS. No use of organic solvents indoors should be allowed without substantial air movement. Use only spark-proof fans near operations involving flammable liquids. Provide adequate clothing and protective gear where the chemicals are indicated to be dangerous. Have available antidote and accident treatment chemicals where noted.</li> </ol> </li> See Specification:General project guidelines for general project guidelines to be reviewed along with this procedure. These guidelines cover the following sections: <ol> Safety Precautions</li> Historic Structures Precautions</li> Submittals</li> Quality Assurance</li> Delivery, Storage and Handling</li> Project/Site Conditions</li> Sequencing and Scheduling</li> General Protection (Surface and Surrounding)</li> </ol> </li> These guidelines should be reviewed prior to performing this procedure and should be followed, when applicable, along with recommendations from the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO). For additional information on poulticing, see 04455-02-R.</li> </ol> =PRODUCTS=

MATERIALS
<ol type="A">

Materials for Washing: <ol> Job-prepared Hypochlorite: Made by user, see 03710-01-S for guidance on preparation. Calcium Hypochlorite (CaCl2O2): <ol>  A white powder used especially as a bleaching agent and disinfectant. </li> Other chemical or common names include Chlorinated calcium oxide; Bleaching powder*; Calcium oxymuriate*; Chloride of lime*; Chlorinated lime*; Hypochlorite of lime*; Oxymuriate of lime*. </li> Potential Hazards: CORROSIVE TO FLESH; FLAMMABLE (WHEN IN CONTACT WITH ORGANIC SOLVENTS). </li> <li>Available from chemical supply house, dry cleaning supply distributor, drugstore or pharmaceutical supply distributor, janitorial supply distributor, swimming pool supply distributor, or water and sanitation supply distributor. A white powder used especially as a bleaching agent and disinfectant. </li> <li>Other chemical or common names include Chlorinated calcium oxide; Bleaching powder*; Calcium oxymuriate*; Chloride of lime*; Chlorinated lime*; Hypochlorite of lime*; Oxymuriate of lime*. </li> <li>Potential Hazards: CORROSIVE TO FLESH; FLAMMABLE (WHEN IN CONTACT WITH ORGANIC SOLVENTS). </li> <li>Available from chemical supply house, dry cleaning supply distributor, drugstore or pharmaceutical supply distributor, janitorial supply distributor, swimming pool supply distributor, or water and sanitation supply distributor.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Sodium Orthophosphate: <ol> <li> Other chemical or common names include Tribasic sodium phosphate; Trisodium orthophosphate; Trisodium phosphate; TSP*; Phosphate of soda*. </li> <li>Potential Hazards: CORROSIVE TO FLESH. </li> <li>Available from chemical supply  Other chemical or common names include Tribasic sodium phosphate; Trisodium orthophosphate; Trisodium phosphate; TSP*; Phosphate of soda*. </li> <li>Potential Hazards: CORROSIVE TO FLESH. </li> <li>Available from chemical supply house, grocery store or supermarket or hardware store.house, grocery store or supermarket or hardware store.</li> </ol> </ol> </li> -OR- <li>Javelle Water: Made by user, see 03710-02-S for guidance on preparation. <li>Calcium Hypochlorite (see 2.01 A.1.a. above)</li> <li>Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3): <ol> <li> A sodium salt of carbonic acid used especially in making soaps and chemicals, in water softening, in cleaning and bleaching and in photography; A hygroscopic crystalline anhydrous strongly alkaline salt. </li> <li>Other chemical or common names include Carbonate of soda*; Sal soda*; Soda*; Soda ash*; Washing soda*. </li> <li>Available from chemical supply house, grocery store or supermarket, hardware store, paint store, or water and sanitation supply distributor. A sodium salt of carbonic acid used especially in making soaps and chemicals, in water softening, in cleaning and bleaching and in photography; A hygroscopic crystalline anhydrous strongly alkaline salt. </li> <li>Other chemical or common names include Carbonate of soda*; Sal soda*; Soda*; Soda ash*; Washing soda*. </li> <li>Available from chemical supply house, grocery store or supermarket, hardware store, paint store, or water and sanitation supply distributor.</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Materials for Poulticing: <ol> <li>Glycerol (C3H8O3): <li>A sweet syrupy hygroscopic trihydroxy alcohol usually obtained by the saponification of fats and used especially as a solvent and plasticizer.</li> <li>Other chemical or common names include Glycerine; Glyceryl hydroxide; Glycyl alcohol; 1,2,3-propanetriol; Propenyl alcohol.</li> <li>Potential Hazards: FLAMMABLE.</li> <li>Available from chemical supply house, drug store or hardware store.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Isopropyl Alcohol (C3H8O): <li>A volatile flammable alcohol used especially as a solvent and rubbing alcohol.</li> <li>Other chemical or common names include Dimethyl carbinol; Isopropanol; 2-propanol.</li> <li>Available from chemical supply house, dry cleaning supply distributor, drug store, hardware store, paint store or printer's supply distributor.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Cotton wadding</li> <li>Mineral water</li> <li>Clean dry towels for blotting the area after treatment</li> </ol> </li> <li>Clean, potable water</li> <li>Accessible source of water, soap and towels for washing and rinsing in case of emergencies associated with the use of chemicals</li> </ol>

EQUIPMENT
<ol type="A"> <li>Poulticing Equipment: <ol> <li>Glass or ceramic container for mixing the solution</li> <li>Wooden utensil for stirring the ingredients</li> </ol> </li> <li>Wood or plastic spatula</li> <li>Stiff bristle brushes (non-metallic)</li> </ol> =EXECUTION=

PREPARATION
<ol type="A"> <li>Protection: <ol> <li>Provide adequate wash solutions (i.e. water, soap and towels) before starting the job.</li> <li>Whenever acid is used, the surface should be thoroughly rinsed with water as soon as its action has been adequate. Otherwise it will continue etching the concrete even though the stain is gone.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>

ERECTION, INSTALLATION, APPLICATION
<ol type="A"><li>Wash the Stain: <ol> <li>Using a stiff bristle brush, scrub the surface with hot soapy water and rinse.</li> <li>If staining remains, scrub with either a sodium hypochlorite solution or Javelle water. For guidance on making job-prepared hypochlorite, see 03710-01-S. For guidance on making javelle water, see 03710-02-S. <li>Before use, dilute 1 part of the commercial solution of laundry bleach (5% sodium hypochlorite) or 1 part of Javelle water with 6 parts of water.</li> <li>DO NOT MIX BLEACH SOLUTION WITH JAVELLE WATER.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Thoroughly rinse with surface with clean, clear water and allow to dry.</li> </ol> </li> -OR- <li>Poultice the Stain (for additional guidance on poulticing, see 04455-02-R): <ol> <li>Mix 1 part glycerol in 4 parts water. -OR- For a faster acting solution, mix 1 part glycerol, 2 parts isopropyl alcohol and 4 parts water.</li> <li>Soak bandage of cotton wadding in the mixture.</li> <li>Apply the bandage to the stained surface and allow to dry.</li> <li>Using a wooden spatula, remove the dried bandage from the surface.</li> <li>Thoroughly rinse the surface with clean, clear water and allow to dry.</li> <li>Repeat the process as necessary to achieve the desired level of cleanliness.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>