Specification:Cleaning and testing of atmospheric soiling on painted wood surfaces

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=GENERAL=

DESCRIPTION
 This specification provides guidance for the cleaning and testing of atmospheric soiling on painted wood surfaces. This specification has been developed for use on historic properties (defined as any district, site, building, structure, or object that is listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places) and provides an overview of accepted practices. All work described herein and related work must conform to the Secretary of Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties. The Contractor shall provide all labor, materials, equipment, and operations required to complete the rehabilitation work indicated herein. All work described herein and related work must have the approval of a Cultural Resources Manager, Conservator, Historic Architect, or other professional who meets the standards outlined in the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards – Professional Qualifications Standards pursuant to 36 CFR 61. Such person is referred to in this document as the Architect. 

SECTION INCLUDES
 Cleaning and Atmospheric Soiling on Painted Surfaces Cleaning Environmental Soiling and Organic Matter</li> </ol>

RELATED SECTION
<ol type="A"> 06300.01 – Cleaning of Atmospheric Soiling, Staining, Graffiti and Biogrowth on Wood</li> </ol>

SUBMITTALS
<ol type="A"> Treatment Schedule: Submit a detailed schedule to the Architect for approval of the areas to be cleaned, including an assessment of the problem surfaces, detailed procedure of cleaning methods to be used and methods for handling of hazardous materials such as flammable or corrosive solvents.</li> Product Literature: Submit manufacturer’s product literature to the Architect for all proprietary and manufactured products specified for cleaning and removal of stains or biological growth. Product literature shall include specification data, Material Safety Data Sheets, and instructions for storage, handling and use.</li> </ol>

QUALITY ASSURANCE
<ol type="A"> Work Experience: The contractor to perform the work in this section shall have a minimum of seven years experience in the cleaning and testing of atmospheric soiling on painted surfaces and shall have completed at least three projects of similar scope within the previous seven years. He/She shall demonstrate a working knowledge of The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring and Reconstructing Historic Buildings.</li> The Contractor is responsible for and assures that hazardous materials and/or products are handled and discarded in accordance with accepted environmentally safety practices. He/She will use perform work in compliance with Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) regulations and standards.</li> </ol>

MOCK-UPS
<ol type="A"> The Contractor, at location(s) determined by the Architect, shall carry out cleaning samples of the product on inconspicuous areas, not to exceed 100 square feet per sample,  demonstrating the cleaning product on inconspicuous areas, preferably conducted by the operator undertaking the final work. Allow for proper drying time prior to examination of mock-up.  Water Soak Cleaning – Approximately 50 square feet.</li> Chemical Cleaners – Approximately 25 square feet for each specified product.</li> </ol> </li> More than one test site and/or sample of product testing may be required for approval. The Contractor shall prepare up to three such product/surface test samples without further compensation. Approved test area(s) shall become part of the work and shall serve as the quality standard for all similar work.</li> </ol>

DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING (as applied to products and materials)
<ol type="A"> Deliver cleaning materials to the project site in manufacturer or distributor packaging, unopened, undamaged, and complete with application instructions and Material Safety Data Sheets.</li> Store and transport cleaning agents, chemicals, and solvents within the temperature range recommended by the manufacturer and away from direct sunlight. Handle all materials following manufacturer’s instructions.</li> </ol>

PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS
<ol type="A"> The work of this Section shall be executed following manufacturer’s instructions. If no instructions are available from the manufacturer, work shall be executed only when the air and surface temperatures are 40 degrees F and rising or less than 90 degrees F and falling. Work shall not commence when rain, snow or below-freezing temperatures are expected within the next 24 hours. All surfaces shall be free of standing water, frost and ice.</li> The Contractor is responsible for protecting existing adjacent materials during the execution of the work. Provide all necessary protection and work procedures to avoid damage to existing material assemblies not a part of the work of this Section.</li> Provide visible barriers and / or warning tape around the perimeter of the work area for visitor protection. Protect nearby vehicles and adjacent structures from damage during the course of the work.</li> The Contractor shall coordinate wood cleaning operations with the other trades involved in exterior and interior restoration work including, but not limited to, masonry restoration, rough and finish carpentry, sealants, painting, and roof or gutter repairs.</li> <li>The Contractor shall dispose of all packaging, waste, and debris in accordance with federal, state, and local environmental laws.</li> </ol> =PRODUCTS=

CLEANING OF ATMOSPHERIC SOILING
<ol type="A"> <li>Cleaning Methods: Cleaning shall be undertaken through the mildest, least abrasive method that will achieve the desired level of soil removal. Painted surfaces are highly susceptible to chemical attack and cannot be treated with many of the wide variety of chemical solvents that are available for cleaning unpainted materials. Any chemicals used should be recommended for use on wood.</li> <li>Remove atmospheric soiling with solutions made with dilutions of detergents, surfactants, and chelating agents in water. Neutral or non-ionic detergents or surfactants are added to water for use on hydrophobic stains.</li> <li>Solvents: Following is a list of solvents and their effectiveness at removal of graffiti and soiling. Products are listed in order of approximate strength. Anything stronger than mineral spirits or turpentine is generally not recommended for cleaning of painted surfaces as it will damage the paint finish. Proper safety measures should be taken with all chemicals. Consult project Architect in choosing a solvent that will minimize damage to painted substrates. <ol> <li>Mineral spirits: Will remove fresh paint only.</li> <li>Turpentine: May remove paint that has hardened slightly.</li> <li>Naphtha: May remove crayons and other waxes.</li> <li>Isopropyl alcohol: May remove resinous stains and gummy tar residue, e.g. shoe polish and magic markers.</li> <li>Denatured alcohol: May remove light pencil marks and certain types of markers on wood.</li> <li>Lacquer thinner: May soften and dissolve most cured paints. Highly effective at removing spray paint.</li> <li>Acetone: May remove residue from plastic cements, especially cyanoacrylates (also called instant or superglues).</li> <li>Methylene chloride: Will remove all finishes.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Equipment for Cleaning: <ol> <li>Pipes and hoses used for water cleaning shall be plastic or other similar material that is not subject to corrosion, which can cause discoloration and staining of surfaces being cleaned.</li> <li>Clean cotton rags or natural bristle brushes shall be used for wiping and scrubbing.</li> <li>Nylon-bristled brushes should not be used for the application of solvents including lacquer thinner, acetone, and methylene chloride.</li> <li>Hoses, fittings and equipment to be used for application of proprietary cleaning compounds shall be solvent, acid, or alkali-resistant as recommended by the manufacturer of the cleaning products.</li> <li>Chemical-resistant gloves.</li> <li>Respiratory mask and protective eyewear.</li> <li>Pressure washing: Pressure washer, power washer, or jet washer as appropriate.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Water/rinsing method: Surfaces shall be rinsed following manufacturer’s instructions. Rinse water will be collected and disposed of as stipulated. Rates of water pressure shall be less than 500 psi at 3-6 gpm with minimal saturation, keeping the nozzle a minimum distance of 18 inches from the painted surface.</li> </ol> =EXECUTION=

GENERAL
<ol type="A"> <li>The extent of the cleaning (desired level of cleaning) and areas to be cleaned shall be reviewed by the Architect on site prior to beginning operations. The Contractor shall submit testing schedule and a cleaning schedule, including the methods and materials to be used.</li> <li>The Contractor shall protect adjacent materials, installed materials, and openings.</li> <li>Hazardous materials are to be handled in accordance with acceptable local, state, or federal environmental safety procedures.</li> <li>The runoff from chemical cleaning will be collected in plywood troughs lined with polyethylene sheeting. Polluted liquid gathered shall be pumped into plastic containers for properly controlled disposal. Acidic runoff shall be neutralized with lime or soda ash prior to release.</li> </ol>

PREPARATION FOR CLEANING
<ol type="A"> <li>Locate and seal all wall penetrations that might permit water passage to the interior.</li> <li>Window openings shall be protected with waterproof covering during pressure washing operations. No pressure washing shall be performed within six inches of a window opening. These areas, including the window head, jambs, and sills shall be scrubbed by hand with plain water and a soft bristle brush.</li> <li>Plastic sheeting shall be placed on grade from the building line to a point five feet from the building line to direct run-off away from the base of the building.</li> </ol>

GENERAL CLEANING ENVIRONMENTAL SOILING AND ORGANIC MATTER
<ol type="A"> <li>Water washing: Loosen surface dirt by washing with low to medium pressure, 200-500 psi at 4-6 gpm using a 45 degree fan type nozzle at 18 inches from surface. Optimal water pressure to be determined during preparation of cleaning samples.</li> <li>Scrub stubborn dirt and grime with a mixture of 1/2 cup of household detergent in one gallon of water with a medium soft bristle brush. Do NOT use a metal brush.</li> <li>Rinse cleaned surface thoroughly with water and allow to dry completely. Once dry, assess results.</li> </ol>

CLEANING MILDEW
<ol type="A"> <li>Wash with a solution of one cup non-ionic detergent in one gallon of water, with an Architect-approved biocidal additive.</li> <li>Scrub with a medium soft bristle brush. Do not use metal brushes.</li> <li>Rinse thoroughly with a stream of water and allow to dry.</li> </ol>

CLEANING DISCOLORATION DUE TO EXTRACTIVES IN WOOD
<ol type="A"> <li>Clean with a solution of equal parts of denatured alcohol and water.</li> <li>After cleaning, rinse affected area thoroughly with a stream of water and allow to dry.</li> </ol>

FINAL REPORT
<ol type="A"> <li>After completion of cleaning work, the Contractor shall provide a final report of complete work including all approved submittals and photographs of the cleaned areas taken before, during and after the work.</li> </ol>