Geographic Information System Database

Geographic information system (GIS) mapping can be used to see how character-defining features of landscapes change over time. Historic aerial photographs can be scanned and known points such as road intersections identified. The first layer created from the old photographs can the be overlaid on a second layer created from the current image, within the same view and in the same coordinate system, to identify changes in features such as field patters, forests, and structures. (See Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area case study.)

Another use of GIS is to map resources and compare overlays of natural cultural resources. The natural resources might include, soils, wetlands, vegetation types, and wildlife habitats. Cultural resources might include historic structures, archaeological sites (both prehistoric and historic), and Native American burial sites. Color-coding can be used to allow resources of highest priority for protection to stand out. By analyzing the GIS maps, the resource management staff is able to identify areas where natural and cultural resources might be managed in concert, and where there are potential conflicts that will need to be resolved.